![]() ![]() Often, however, the disturbances in these network studies have been studied as a one-time event or a constant external rate of change, separate from the dynamic elements of the ecological network ( 3, 6, 7). These advances have also translated into a growing knowledge of how human-caused disturbances can create far-reaching ecological impacts through indirect effects ( 3– 6). The advent of network theory in ecology and environmental studies has greatly advanced the study of ecological dynamics and complexity ( 1, 2). ![]() Our results demonstrate how network theory provides necessary ecological context when considering the sustainability of economically dynamic fishing effort. This dynamic is exacerbated in open-access fisheries where profit-driven growth in fishing effort increases perturbation strength. Analyzing simulation results reveals that harvesting species with high population biomass can initially support fishery persistence but threatens long-term economic and ecological sustainability by indirectly inducing extinction cascades in non-harvested species. We incorporate economic drivers of fishing effort into food-web network models, evaluating the dynamics of thousands of single-species fisheries across hundreds of simulated food webs under fixed-effort and open-access management strategies. Leveraging allometric trophic network models, we study such integrated economic-ecological dynamics in the case of fishery sustainability. While network ecology has advanced our understanding of large-scale communities, it has not robustly coupled economic drivers of anthropogenic impact to ecological outcomes. Understanding anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems requires investigating feedback processes between ecological and economic dynamics.
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